A “Test Case” is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine whether a system or application satisfies specific requirements. In simpler terms, a test case is a detailed set of instructions that outlines the steps to be taken, the data to be input, and the expected results to validate the correct functioning of a particular feature or aspect of software.
Key components of a test case typically include:
- Test Case Identifier:
- A unique identifier or name assigned to the test case for easy reference and tracking.
- Test Case Description:
- A brief description of the functionality or feature being tested by the test case.
- Test Objective:
- The specific objective or goal of the test case, describing what is being verified or validated.
- Preconditions:
- Any specific conditions or requirements that must be met before the test case can be executed. Preconditions ensure a consistent starting point for testing.
- Inputs:
- The input values, data, or stimuli that are provided to the system or application under test as part of the test case.
- Test Steps:
- A detailed sequence of steps or actions to be performed during the execution of the test case. Each step provides specific instructions for the tester.
- Expected Results:
- The expected outcomes or responses from the system or application for each step of the test case. These results serve as the basis for determining whether the test case passes or fails.
- Actual Results:
- A space for the tester to record the actual outcomes observed during the test execution. This field is typically filled in during or after the test execution phase.
- Test Environment/Configuration:
- Information about the specific test environment, including hardware, software, configurations, and any other relevant details necessary for the successful execution of the test case.
- Test Data:
- Specific test data or datasets to be used during the execution of the test case. This may include both valid and invalid data to cover various scenarios.
- Test Execution Conditions:
- Any specific conditions or scenarios under which the test case should be executed, such as specific user roles or system states.
- Test Dependencies:
- Identification of any dependencies on other test cases, preconditions, or external factors that may impact the execution of the test case.
- Test Pass/Fail Criteria:
- Clear criteria for determining whether the test case has passed or failed. This is often based on the comparison of actual results with expected results.
Test cases are essential in the software testing process as they provide a systematic and repeatable approach to verifying the correctness and quality of the software. They serve as a basis for executing tests, reporting defects, and ensuring that the software meets the specified requirements. Test cases contribute to the overall quality assurance efforts by providing a structured means to validate and verify different aspects of the software.